Apache NiFi: Reading COVID data from a REST API and producing it to a Kafka topic

Apache NiFi can be used to accelerate big data projects by allowing easy integration between various data sources. Using Apache NiFi it is easy to track what happened to your data (data provenance) and to provide features like guaranteed ordered delivery and error handling. In this example I'm going to configure NiFi to read COVID data from a REST API, split the data into individual records per country and publish the result to a Kafka topic. I've used the environment described here.

Vagrant + Docker Compose: A quick and easy Apache NiFi development environment

Vagrant can be used to quickly create development environments in for example VirtualBox, VMWare or Hyper-V. I decided to use Vagrant to create a quick Apache NiFi development environment. For Apache NiFi development, you also often require input/output for which Kafka can be used, the NiFi Registry to manage shared resources and of course NiFi itself. Setting this up yourself can be cumbersome. That's why I've created some scripts to help you do this quickly. You can find them here. 

Since manually scripting the installations of all these products can be a challenge / work, I decided to use Docker images which often already provide an automatic installation (so I don't have to do that myself) and used Docker Compose to easily allow the containers to find each other and have a docker-compose.yml which contained my environment variables so I wouldn't have to supply them on the commandline.

Filesystem events to Elasticsearch / Kibana through Kafka Connect / Kafka

Filesystem events are useful to monitor. They can indicate a security breach. They can also help  understanding how a complex system works by looking at the files it reads and writes.

When monitoring events, you can expect a lot of data to be generated quickly. The events might be interesting to process for different systems and at a different pace. Also it would be nice if you could replay events from the start or a specific moment. Enter Kafka. In order to put the filesystem events in Kafka (from an output file), the Kafka Connect FileSourceConnector is used. In order to get the data from Kafka to Elasticsearch, the Kafka Connect ElasticsearchSinkConnector is used. Both connectors can be used without Enterprise license.

Oracle Service Bus: Produce messages to a Kafka topic

Oracle Service Bus is a powerful tool to provide features like transformation, throttling, virtualization of messages coming from different sources. There is a (recently opensourced!) Kafka transport available for Oracle Service Bus (see here). Oracle Service Bus can thus be used to do all kinds of interesting things to messages coming from Kafka topics. You can then produce altered messages to other Kafka topics and create a decoupled processing chain. In this blog I provide an example on how to use Oracle Service Bus to produce messages to a Kafka topic.

Oracle Service Bus: A quickstart for the Kafka transport

As mentioned on the following blog post by Lucas Jellema, Kafka is going to play a part in several Oracle products. For some usecases it might eventually even replace JMS. In order to allow for easy integration with Kafka, you can use Oracle Service Bus to create a virtualization layer around Kafka. Ricardo Ferreira from Oracle's A-Team has done some great work on making a custom Kafka Service Bus transport available to us. Read more about this here: http://www.ateam-oracle.com/osb-transport-for-apache-kafka-part-1/, http://www.ateam-oracle.com/oracle-service-bus-transport-for-apache-kafka-part-2/ and http://www.ateam-oracle.com/custom-transports-in-osb-12-2-1/. The Kafka transport is not an 'officially supported' transport. Quote from the A-team blog: 'The Kafka transport is provided for free to use “AS-IS” but without any official support from Oracle. The A-Team reserves the right of help in the best-effort capacity.'. I hope it will become an officially supported part of the Service Bus product in the future.

In this blog I summarize what I have done to get the end to end sample working for SOA Suite 12.2.1.2.0 and Kafka 0.10.1.0 based on the blogs I mentioned. This allows you to quickly start developing against Apache Kafka.